Thread Rating:
  • 1 Vote(s) - 5 Average
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
GLOBAL UMMAH SOLIDARITY
THE PUNJAB BLOODIED, PARTITIONED AND CLEANSED

Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed and Dr. Naazir Mahmood




THE BLOODY PATH OF PUNJAB PARTITION WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED DETAILS
Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed




THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE PARTITION OF PUNJAB 1947











INDIA-PAKISTAN PARTITION EXPLAINED



PARTITION OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN 1947
WAS THE  PARTITION OF BRITISH INDIA IN 1947 FAIR





WHAT DID THE SIKHS GET IN THE PARTITION OF 1947?
Reply
PRESIDENT ERDOGAN TO MEET KING SALMAN DURING TWO DAY VISIT



HUM MUSTAFAVI HAIN 

Ali Zafar

OIC Council of Foreign Ministers




INDIA AND OPPOSITION BOTH ARE OUT TO
SABOTAGE OIC CONFERENCE 
Lt Gen ® Amjad Shoaib





IMAM OF GRAND MOSQUE IS PRAYING FOR IMRAN KHAN OVER HIS DEPARTURE
Reply
GIVEN TURKIYE'S POSITION A REVIEW OF THE AKP'S FOREIGN RELATIONS UNDER PRESIDENT ERDOGAN'S  LEADERSHIP IS CHARTED



HISTORICAL SPEECH OF TURKISH PRESIDENT ERDOGAN IN UN





WHAT IS THE GRAND PLAN TO BOLSTER TURKIC NATIONS ?





Reply
1ST TURKEY-PAKISTAN SECURITY DIALOGUE BEGINS IN ISTANBUL







PAK- TURK SECURITY DIALOGUE
May 9-15, 2022 - Istanbul, Turkey
https://csspr.uol.edu.pk/pakturk-2



The Center for Security, Strategy and Policy Research (CSSPR), University of Lahore, in tandem with its Turkish partners, will organize the first of its kind Pak-Turk Security Dialogue from May 9 until May 15. The Dialogue comprises three conferences on regional and global security issues. On May 10, CSSPR and the Istanbul Aydin University will host a conference titled ‘Evaluation of Regional Security Issues: Turkish and Pakistani Perspectives.’ This roundtable is aimed at assessing some of the most pressing issues dominating the security landscape that, going forward, could, collectively and individually, effect a series of changes in Ankara’s and Islamabad’s security orientations and policies. In this conference, a 16-member  group of experienced and highly-qualified scholars from Turkey will deliberate on a host of security-related issues through a Turkish lens. Meet them 
https://csspr.uol.edu.pk/pakturk-2

On May 11, CSSPR, along with SETA Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research, and Hasan Kalyoncu University, will host a conference on ‘Transnationalism Vs Statism : Generating and Consuming Security’. This scholarly exchange of views between Pakistani and Turkish scholars will enable them to deconstruct not only a plethora of challenges facing states but also how the force of globalization, with its threats and opportunities, is affecting states’ behaviors and approaches towards security. A 10-member delegation, comprising top-notch Turkish academics, will share Turkey’s perspectives in this conference. Meet them here.

On May 12 and 13, CSSPR and the Bahcesehir University (BAU) will hold dialogues  on ‘Regional Security Architecture’ and ‘Global Security Landscape’, respectively. These two academic endeavors will look at the evolving contours of regional and global security and their  ramifications on the prospect of regional connectivity, economic integration, and great power rivalries.   The Pakistani delegation that will partake in these conferences comprises an experienced and illustrious group of experts and scholars, who have dealt with, taught, and analyzed, matters relating to regional and global security. Meet our Pakistani delegates here.







In what is described as the first Turkey-Pakistan security dialogue, Professor Rabia Akhtar from the University of Lahore said the participants discussed how the regional security architecture shaped the foreign policies of the two countries.

In what is described as the first Turkey-Pakistan security dialogue, Professor Rabia Akhtar from the University of Lahore said the participants discussed how the regional security architecture shaped the foreign policies of the two countries.

A group of scholars and practitioners from Turkey and Pakistan deliberated on regional security issues Tuesday in the Turkish metropolis of Istanbul

"This is the first such opportunity to listen firsthand from scholars of the two countries, to share our views candidly, which was intellectually a very, very engaging exercise," said Akhtar, who is director of the Center for Security, Strategy and Policy Research at the university.


Pakistani journalist Ejaz Haider said it is important for Turkey and Pakistan to have strategic dialogue "because there are a number of issues which are common to Pakistan and Turkey."

"For instance, take the example of Syria, and you can have a comparison with what Pakistan has gone through in Afghanistan," he said, adding Turkey and Pakistan's relationships with the US was another issue.

"It is important to listen to Turkish scholars and share our findings as how we look at the regional security issues as far as Pakistan is concerned," he added.

The dialogue between Turkish and Pakistani scholars and practitioners will continue with different institutions in Istanbul until Friday, said Akhtar. Turkey is a 'second generation middle-power country'  H?z?r Tar?k O?uzlu a political science teacher at Istanbul Aydin University, said Turkey has pursued a "much more dimensional foreign policy" since early 2000.

By strengthening its relations with Russia, he said, Turkey enjoyed "strategic autonomy," but Turkey never said "goodbye to West. It is a member of NATO, is trying to become part of the

EU and has more than half of its trade with this European bloc."

He described Turkey as a "second generation middle-power country unlike traditional middle powers." "Now, in the Western world-led international liberal order, sensitivities of non-Western countries are being taken into consideration more frequently," he said.

Zafar Nawaz Jaspal, professor of politics and international relations at Quaid-e-Azam University in Pakistan, said the South Asian region "did not enjoy the end of the Cold War…We remained in that tension."

He said there were four different eras of containment, including the US' "Pivot Asia" policy to contain China; the Quad, which Beijing calls the Asian version of NATO; the containment of Russia, which hit back in 2008, 2014 and now in 2022; and the containment of Qatar in 2017.

"India tried to contain and isolate Pakistan, but it failed," he said, adding the region is witnessing an "arms race."

Besides the strategic competition between Pakistan and India, he said there are positive trends happening through regional connectivity initiatives, including the Economic Cooperation Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, China's Belt and Road Initiative, and its flagship program the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. On whether Turkey and Pakistan can cooperate in nuclear tech, the Pakistani academic said that Ankara cannot do so "because it is part of the Non-Proliferation Treaty and it can benefit from the Nuclear Suppliers Group."

He lauded Turkey for its know-how of the "handling of nuclear weapons," calling it "important."

"Turkey was part of solving the Cuban missile crisis issue in the 1960s," he recalled.

He said Turkey was facing sub-conventional challenges "not military, neither nuclear."

'PAKISTAN CAN BENEFIT FROM TURKISH ECONOMIC MODEL'

Syed Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy, an international relations professor from Peshawar, reflected on India's "territorial expansionism" and resolution of the Kashmir dispute.

He said the South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation was "hostage to India,"

which has resulted in low trade among the South Asian nations.

On Turkey-Pakistan relations, he lauded the Turkish economic model as "wonderful," adding "Pakistan can benefit from it."

"The two countries can trade in their own currencies," he suggested.

Calling for an end to double standards, he said: "whatever happens in Afghanistan never stays

in Afghanistan…It always has a spillover effect."

Ejaz Haider, a Pakistani commentator and journalist, said Pakistan "needed political stability and economic progress," which will allow it to deal with hard as well as non-traditional security issues.


Professor Ahmet Kasim Han from Aydin University pointed out the importance of "logistics" [b][b]to boost Turkey-Pakistan relations.  Farhan Siddiqui, a Pakistani academic from Quaid-e-Azam University, noted trade, refugee issues, ethnic conflicts, social and national cohesion and national security as common issues between the two countries besides "democracy and democratization and making bridges with the rest of the world."

PAK-TURKEY RELATIONS COMMON TIES
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/19513


PAK- TURKISH RELATIONSHIP
https://gasam.org.tr/wp-content/uplohttps://gasam.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Pakistan-Turkey-Report.pdf


TURKEY AND PAKISTAN: BRIDGING THE GROWING DIVERGENCE
http://sam.gov.tr/pdf/perceptions/Volume...-Ahmad.pdf


DYNAMICS OF PAKISTAN TURKEY RELATIONS
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/She...5f6333bda6



DECODING THE TURKEY PAKISTAN ALLIANCE
https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/Decoding-the-Turkey-Pakistan-Alliance.pdf


PAK TURK STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK AND GEO ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN POST 911 ERA :
A WAY FORWARD FOR STRONG PARTNERSHIP 
www.gprjournal.com/jadmin/Auther/31rvIolA2LALJouq9hkR/wtDLCeBbje.pdf


TURKEYPAKISTAN STRATEGIC ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK

DRAFT JOINT ACTION PLAN
https://www.baib.gov.tr/files/downloads/PageFiles/b4ed062c-ed72-e911-9bde-001a64655414/Files/ek%201%20pak%C4%B0stan%20se%C3%A7%20eylem%20plan%C4%B1.pdf


KARDES : THE ORIGINS OF PAKISTAN TURKIYE BROTHERHOOD
https://www.brecorder.com/news/595826
Reply
PROBING FURTHER INTO THE IDEALS AND REALITIES OF GLOBAL ISLAMIC SOLIDARITY

MUSLIM WORLD OR UMMAH ?
ORIGINS, CONTENT AND EVOLUTION OF PAN ISLAMIC THOUGHT





KASHMIR TRAGEDY:
WAY FORWARD FOR KASHMIRIS FOR INDIA AND PAKISTAN ?


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsGBodN0PFE




AUGUST 5: ANOTHER GRIM ANNIVERSARY FOR KASHMIRIS UNDER HINDU SETTLER COLONIALISM
https://crescent.icit-digital.org/articles/august-5-another-grim-anniversary-for-kashmiris-under-hindu-settler-colonialism


August 5 has become another grim anniversary in the long list of anniversaries that the people of Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir observe every year. It was on this date in 2019 that the Indian fascist regime headed by Narendra Modi unilaterally abrogated articles 370 and 35A, abolishing the autonomous status of the state as well as opening the floodgates to non-Kashmiris, mostly Hindus, to settle there.

There was immediate reaction against Modi’s illegal move. It was denounced not only by the Kashmiris but by their friends and allies worldwide as well as by all people that cherish freedom and uphold justice as a fundamental principle of life. In subsequent years, August 5 has been observed to draw attention to Modi’s illegal action as well as express rejection of this diabolical move meant to subjugate the already oppressed people of India’s Illegally occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK).

This year will be no exception. Kashmiri leaders of all political persuasions have already issued statements condemning India’s fascist tactics in IIOJK as the August 5 anniversary approaches. For instance, Vice Chairman of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) Ghulam Ahmad Gulzar, issued a statement from prison saying that August 5 is one of the most tragic, painful and darkest days of modern Kashmir history. He further said that the Kashmiris will always observe it as exploitation day, a day of mourning and a black day. Ghulam Ahmad Gulzar is held in Srinagar Central Jail.

Without mincing words despite clear danger to his life, the APHC leader said in a statement from jail that on August 5, 2019, the RSS-backed fascist regime led by the killer of humanity Modi usurped political, social, religious and all other basic rights of the Kashmiris. He said Modi had turned IIOJK into a huge open-air prison and imposed suffocating restrictions in the territory.

Describing it as an attack on Kashmir’s unique identity, culture, employment, demography and basic fundamental rights by Hindutva forces, he called for unity among the Kashmiris to confront Hindutva imperialism and expansionism. He said the life, property, honour, culture, identity, land and everything of the Kashmiris was at stake today.

Long before Modi’s illegal move three years ago, the 10 million Kashmiris were already languishing under a brutal military regime. India has maintained more than 900,000 troops in Kashmir in an attempt to crush the spirit of resistance and freedom. Nearly two-thirds of the state of Jammu and Kashmir was illegally occupied by invading Indian army forces in October 1947.

The Kashmiris’ struggle for their fundamental rights predates India’s illegal occupation in October 1947, indeed even the creation of Pakistan and India in August 1947. The people of Kashmir had staged their first uprising against the Hindu Dogra ruler, Hari Singh in 1931.

Comprising three parts—the Kashmir Valley (more than 97 percent Muslim), Jammu (62 percent Muslim) and Ladakh (predominantly Buddhist with 20 percent Muslim population)—the state’s overall population was predominantly Muslim. The Kashmir Valley comprises the bulk of the state population with Srinagar serving as state capital.

The Kashmiris were fed up of the Hindu ruler’s oppression and wanted to overthrow the yoke of Hindu imperialism. Their struggle intensified in October 1947 and has continued ever since. While the Dogra ruler fled, an even more ruthless occupier, much larger and better armed, occupied the state. The people’s struggle against the new Hindu occupiers has continued unabated despite India deploying more than 900,000 troops.

Indian occupation troops have indulged in wanton killings, rapes and fake encounters to kill the Kashmiri youth. India has embarked on a policy of genocide and ethnic cleansing. Since 1989, more than 95,000 Kashmiris have been killed. Recorded cases of rape against Kashmiri women and girls stand at more than 11,000. The actual number is much higher because many families, not wishing to incur the stigma of rape, do not report such cases to the police. Even if reported, not one Indian soldier or other offender has been apprehended much less charged with this heinous crime.

There have also been large scale arrests of Kashmiri leaders. Some have been moved out of Kashmir into jails in India in contravention of international law. The Hindu fascists, however, are not constrained by legality or morality. They use brute force to achieve their nefarious agenda.

Yasin Malik, a long-time freedom struggler and peace activist, has languished in India’s notorious Tihar Jail for years. He was convicted on fake charges and brought to court. He refused to be represented by a lawyer and spoke directly to the judge pointing out that the charges against him were fake.

He was sentenced to life in prison. Indian courts are notorious for handing down political judgements. Yasin Malik went on hunger strike on July 22 and his health condition, already precarious because of a serious heart ailment, deteriorated so much that he ended up in hospital. There are grave concerns for his well-being. Kashmiri leaders inside Kashmir and abroad have demanded that he must be provided proper medical care. Given the Hindu fascists’ genocidal policies, this may not be forthcoming. They would rather see Yasin Malik than alive.

Since August 2019, the Kashmiris’ already grim plight has worsened. For them it is no longer an issue of the restoration of abrogated articles. Now they are struggling for their very survival. With prolonged curfews and clampdowns over the last three years, most people are literally on the verge of starvation. Their very survival is at stake. Their financial losses exceed $10 billion.

It is a deliberate policy of the Modi regime: forcible evictions and usurpation of the Kashmiris’ lands. It is the same policy the zionist occupiers are pursuing in Palestine. Like the zionists, the Hindu fascists take over any area or locality by simply declaring it a ‘sensitive security zone’. They have already taken over strategic mountain tops and golf courses declaring them militarily sensitive areas.

The prolonged lockdown has meant that people have run out of provisions and their life’s savings. Fruit growers that depended on this seasonal produce have been unable to tend to their trees and hence harvest them properly. Further, restrictions on movement have resulted in fruits that have been produced and harvested, rot before reaching the market.

People live in constant fear of being evicted by forcible seizure of their property. While the Kashmiris—indigenous people of the land—are subjected to this terrifying policy of land grab in contravention of all international laws, Hindu settlers brought in from India are being accommodated.

Hindu temples are springing up in localities where no Hindus have ever lived before. This clearly points to the policy of forced settlements to make the occupation permanent. In fact, ethnic-cleansing of indigenous Kashmiris and ethnic-flooding of Hindu fascists are being pursued simultaneously in utter disregard of the international and UN-acknowledged status of Jammu and Kashmir as being “disputed area,” where any such change is manifestly illegal.

The Hindu settler colonialists are pursuing a multi-pronged policy. The “security” pretext is used not only to bring in more troops but also to settle military personnel in strategic areas. Many are retired army personnel or bureaucrats that have in the past served in Kashmir and are, therefore, familiar with the local environment, geography and topography. They are also sufficiently desensitized to suffer any pangs of conscience in brutalizing the Kashmiris.

The other group comprises Hindu fascists of the Hindutva brigade. These Hindu fascists are determined to not only turn India into a completely Hindu state with no place for any other religious minority, but also occupied regions like Jammu and Kashmir. Between April and December of 2020, more than 3.2 million non-Kashmiris, mostly Hindus were settled in Kashmir, according to then President Masood Khan of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Since then, more non-Kashmiri Hindus have been settled.

The aim is clear: change the demography of the state and turn the Kashmiris into a minority. This is classic settler colonial policy. Can genocide be far behind, as feared by Genocide Watch three years ago? The nomadic Muslim tribal people, the Bakarwals and Gujjars, of Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir are particularly vulnerable. They have already faced thousands of such motivated evictions.



A TALE OF TWO SUMMITS
https://crescent.icit-digital.org/articles/a-tale-of-two-summits



Last month, there were two summits held virtually back-to-back. The first in the Saudi port city of Jeddah was held on July 16 while the second three days later in Tehran. The contrast between the two could not be greater. One was held to take the Middle East back to a dark past while the other chalked out a new bold strategy for the future.

In Jeddah, US President Joe Biden attempted to act like the old boss dictating terms to the potentates of the Middle East but did not gain much traction. In Tehran, the presidents of Iran, Russia and Turkey met as equals. While the meeting was ostensibly to advance the Astana process to bring about peace in Syria, a number of important agreements were also signed with far-reaching consequences for the region as well as the world at large.



When Biden claimed that the US will remain an active, engaged partner in the Middle East, his words were not taken seriously, for obvious reasons. The US is a has-been superpower that no longer has the ability to get its way. The beatings its forces got in Iraq and Afghanistan have demonstrated to Middle Eastern dictators that the US cannot be relied upon for protection.



In fact, the manner in which Biden was received at Jeddah airport showed what was in store for him at the so-called ‘Security summit’ in Jeddah. Unlike past presidents, Biden was greeted by low level Saudi officials: the governor of Makkah, Prince Khalid bin Faisal, and Saudi ambassador to Washington, Reema bint Bandar.



This contrasted sharply with the lavish reception thrown for Biden’s predecessor Donald Trump when he visited Riyadh in May 2017. There was much pomp and ceremony, ceremonial guards’ parade, sword dance and a camel cavalcade. Trump was treated as royalty; he loved every moment of it. Biden was treated as dirt. The wound was self-inflicted.



Things did not get any better at the summit. Saudi crown prince Mohammad bin Salman (MbS) greeted Biden with a fist bump and then without making eye contact or speaking, led him to meet the ailing King Salman. At the summit when Biden raised the question of Jamal Khashoggi’s murder, MbS shot back by reminding him about the US torture of prisoners at Abu Ghraib in Iraq. Biden had merely said about Khashoggi’s murder: “if anything occurs like that again they will get that response and much more.” In other words, forget about Khashoggi’s brutal murder; the US needs Saudi Arabia to pump more oil. MbS made no such commitment and took Biden’s statement as a green light to continue to brutalize Saudis that speak out about human rights.



Even Biden’s pledge that the US will not walk away from the Middle East leaving the field to Russia, China and Iran was greeted by the Arabian potentates with a hardly repressed yawn. His call to take on Iran and “prevent it from acquiring nuclear weapons”—Iran is not interested in nuclear weapons—was similarly treated with disdain.



In fact, a day before Biden made the no-nuclear weapons for Iran remarks, a senior Emirati official said the UAE would not join any anti-Iran alliance. Anwar Gargash, advisor to UAE president on foreign affairs, dismissed the idea of a ‘Middle East NATO’ as merely a “theoretical” concept and that confrontation was not an option for Abu Dhabi.



We are open to cooperation, but not cooperation targeting any other country in the region and I specifically mention Iran,” he said. Gargash further said: “The UAE is not going to be a party to any group of countries that sees confrontation as a direction.” This was a reference to the idea of a Middle Eastern NATO floated by the US. It would bring in Zionist Israel as well into a tighter military alliance with the Arabian regimes.



He also revealed that the UAE was in the process of sending an ambassador to the Islamic Republic of Iran. “Our conversation is ongoing ... we are in the process of sending an ambassador to Tehran. All these areas of rebuilding bridges are ongoing,” he revealed.



On July 26, the UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed al-Nahyan and his Iranian counterpart Hossein Amir-Abdollahian discussed ways of “boosting bilateral relations and areas of cooperation for the benefit of both countries,” the Emirati state news agency WAM reported. The Iranian Foreign Ministry said Amir-Abdollahian “welcomed the enhancement of the level of ties between the two countries” as “an important step in the process of developing bilateral relations.”



The day after the Jeddah summit, Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan told CNN that talks are going on between Iran and the GCC states for improvement of relations and the focus should be on engagement and changing Iran’s behaviour. It was also announced that Saudi and Iranian officials will again be meeting in Baghdad to advance the process of rapprochement. The octogenarian American president must have come away stunned from his Middle East tour.



The only thing Biden got out of his Jeddah meeting was the Saudis’ announcement to allow overflights of Israeli commercial planes over its territory. This was couched in the language of allowing a number of countries to use Saudi airspace. The Saudi announcement merely confirmed what was already occurring.



In Tehran, meanwhile, the three leaders demanded the withdrawal of all US forces from Syria that have illegally occupied parts of the country. The Americans are also stealing Syrian oil. This is neither new nor surprising.



In Tehran, meanwhile, a number of economic and strategic agreements were signed including $40-billion Russian investment in developing Iran’s oil and gas sector. Turkey similar pledged to purchase more Iranian gas and oil.



The so-called Jeddah summit wanted to take the region to its inglorious past while the Tehran summit was forward-looking. It emphasized peaceful co-existence, good neighbourly relations and prevention of US-NATO interference in regional affairs.



Welcome to the multipolar world order in which there is no room for US hegemony and mischief-making.
Reply
HOW THE OTTOMAN FAMILY WAS EXILED AFTER CONSPIRACIES AND FALL OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE 
Letter of Sultan Abdul Hamid



OTTOMAN FAMILY NOW




KHILAFAT USMANIA KA KHATIMA KASAY HOA ?
Dr. Israr Ahmed R.A




MUSTAFA KAMAL PASHA  
Reply
THE TRUTH ABOUT ABDULAZIZ IBN SAUD


THE TRUTH ABOUT MUHAMMAD IBN ABDUL WAHHAB



WHO WAS SHAH FAISAL BIN ABDULAZIZ OF SAUDI ARABIA
Dekho Suno Jano



SAUDI ARABIAN AND HASHEMITE ROYAL FAMILY TREES 


WAHHABISM AND THE WORLD 



RAVING IN RIYADH – THE NEW SAUDI ARABIA 
Sami Hamdi
Reply
WHAT IS NAJD AND SAUDI ARABIA'S BACKGROUND ?



WHY DID THE ARABS REVOLT AGAINST THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE


THIS MAN ATE GRASSHOPPERS TO SAVE MADINAH


KHILFAT USMANIA ( SULTANAT -e-USMANIA )
KA  KHATIMA KASAY HOA





SULTAN ABDUL HAMID II






WHO ARE KHWARIJ AND LOCATION OF NAJD
Aamir Ibrahiim 
https://archive.org/stream/WhoAreKhawari...d_djvu.txt



ALI HAYDAR PASHA : THE LAST OTTOMAN EMIR OF MECCA
https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/t...emir-mecca

THE OTTOMANS AND THE CITY OF MECCA
https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/the-ot...cca--27037
Reply
THIS IS A SIGNIFICANT EVENT AND MAY MARK A LANDMARK TOWARDS UNITY OF THE TURKIC WORLD LIKE THE EUROPEAN UNITY MOVEMENT CULMINATING IN THE EU. THIS WILL BE EXAMINED FURTHER. IT IS TIME THAT THE TURKIC WORLD LOOKS BEYOND EUROPE AND RUSSIA AND BUILDS NEW INSTITUTIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE.  CAN THIS REGION BECOME A BASE FOR THE GLOBAL KHILAFATE?


9th SUMMIT OF ORGANISATION OF TURKIC STATES BEGINS






TURKIYE's ROLE IN ORGANISATION OF TURKIC STATES



TURKIC STATES SHOULD DEVELOP COMMON SECURITY CONCEPT, ERDOGAN SAYS 


https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkic-states-should-develop-common-security-concept-erdogan-says



Members of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) should develop a common security concept and increase their cooperation when it comes to preventing and managing irregular migration, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Friday.

Speaking at the ninth OTS leaders' summit in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Erdogan said: “We are going through a sensitive period that bears opportunities as well as risks for our countries. During this period, it has become more critical to strengthen our cooperation, solidarity and harmony in all fields.”

“Since 2014, Türkiye has been the country hosting the largest number of refugees in the world. We believe it would be beneficial to expand cooperation in the prevention and management of irregular migration. Within this scope, it would be on target to develop a common security concept and continue security council secretary meetings.”

He added that it would be beneficial for the organization to implement the Turkish Investment Fund “as soon as possible.”

"It would be beneficial to implement the Turkish Investment Fund as soon as possible. I believe that the financial opportunities provided by the fund will strengthen our cooperation and accelerate our activities," Erdogan said.



Türkiye led the summit of Central Asian countries, aiming to strengthen economic ties with the region's resource-rich ex-Soviet states while Moscow is distracted by the war in Ukraine.

Erdogan presided over the OTS summit in Uzbekistan's historic city of Samarkand.

The OTS is an interstate bloc, established with the aim of expanding cooperation between Turkish-speaking countries in the fields of politics, economics, science, education, transport, and tourism.

The members of the organization are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan. Hungary and Turkmenistan have observer status in the organization.

The group could expand further if isolated Turkmenistan becomes a fully-fledged member – an expansion announced by Türkiye's Foreign Ministry but not confirmed by Ashgabat.

If Turkmenistan does join, the union set up in 2009 will incorporate all the Central Asian countries that speak languages in the Turkic group.

The group last year dropped its former name, the Turkic Council, in favor of the Organization of Turkic States.

The presidents of Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Türkiye, the prime minister of Hungary and the head of the upper house of the Parliament of Turkmenistan participated in the event.

Fight against FETÖ

Erdogan underlined that Türkiye will pursue its struggle against the PKK terrorist organization and its Syrian offshoot, the YPG, the Gülenist Terror Group (FETÖ), Daesh and al-Qaida, pledging to not stop until the terrorist threat toward the country is eradicated, adding that Türkiye expects the support of the Turkic countries in its fight against FETÖ.

The summit took place under the slogan "A new era of Turkic civilization: On the way to common development and prosperity."

The participants of the meeting discussed economic cooperation and issues on the current international agenda.

Türkiye passed the chairmanship to Uzbekistan and the Samarkand Declaration was adopted as part of the event.

Ankara has for several years been pushing for closer cultural, linguistic and religious ties with several ex-Soviet countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia.

This is Erdogan's third trip to the region in less than two months.

"While transforming our council into an organization, we also laid the foundation for a unique and effective structure. The 2040 Turkic World Vision Document, which we accepted in Istanbul, forms the framework of our cooperation. We want to consolidate our cooperation in areas such as politics, security, trade, customs, transportation, energy, health, informatics, education, youth and sports," Erdogan continued.

The International Trade Center (ITC), a Geneva-based agency attached to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations, says that the volume of Turkish-Central Asian trade in 2019 amounted to some $7.3 billion.

That figure falls far behind Central Asia's volume of trade with the European Union and Russia, which the ITC says amounted that year to around $29 billion, and China ($25 billion).

Karabakh peace

On the second anniversary of Azerbaijan's Karabakh victory, the president reiterated Ankara's support to Baku.

Ankara stands by Baku in its pursuit of peace as well as in its struggle, Erdogan added. "The peace process in the South Caucasus is still fragile despite all the initiatives by Azerbaijan.”

Türkiye was a key backer of Azerbaijan during the 44-day Karabakh War between Azerbaijan and Armenia that erupted on Sept. 27, 2020, and ended with a Russian-brokered cease-fire on Nov. 10.

Relations between the former Soviet republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan have been tense since 1991 when the Armenian military illegally occupied Karabakh, a territory internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, and seven adjacent regions.

Clashes erupted on Sept. 27, 2020, with the Armenian Army attacking civilians and Azerbaijani forces, violating several humanitarian cease-fire agreements.

During the 44-day conflict, Azerbaijan liberated several cities and around 300 settlements and villages that had been occupied by Armenia for almost 30 years.

The fighting ended with a Russian-brokered agreement on Nov. 10, 2020, which was seen as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia.

However, the cease-fire has been broken several times since then.

After the conflict ended, Azerbaijan launched a massive reconstruction initiative in the liberated Karabakh region.

On another note, the president also touched upon Türkiye’s efforts to end the war in Ukraine and said: “Türkiye is making every effort to end the conflict going on for nine months in Ukraine with a fair peace while making the necessary interventions to prevent a food crisis.”

Supreme Order of Turkic World

Erdo?an also received the Supreme Order of the Turkic World award in Uzbekistan in recognition of his services to better the world of his Turkic brethren.

"As the Turkic world, we are stronger today than yesterday," Erdo?an said after receiving the honor, adding that the OTS has turned into an international organization that is taking "firm steps" towards the future.

He also congratulated Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban for his country serving as a bridge between Europe and the Turkic world with their observer member status in the group, as well as for Budapest's efforts for democracy in the EU.

The EU has stalled Türkiye's membership process for over 50 years, and Ankara will give "the necessary response when needed," Erdogan added.

The Supreme Order of the Turkic World honor places a "great responsibility on me," Erdogan said, and continued: "I am determined to continue our efforts to strengthen the solidarity between our peoples, to improve relations between our states, and to further enhance the international reputation of our organization."

Meanwhile, Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev praised Türkiye's chairmanship in the OTS.

"I would like to emphasize that over the past year, during Türkiye's chairmanship in our organization, significant and multifaceted work has been done, and our cooperation has intensified even more," he told the leaders of the organization in Samarkand.

In face of the "alarming" global situation, difficult challenges related to the growing geopolitical confrontation, and negative consequences of the global economic crisis and climate change, Mirziyoyev called on the Turkic countries to identify common approaches and coordinate efforts in solving the most pressing problems.

The Uzbek president said, "a huge work" was done jointly to develop ties among the OTS members, however, the potential has not been completely unlocked -- the trade turnover among members mounts to only 4% of the total volume, partly due to high customs tariffs.

To address the situation, Mirziyoyev suggested organizing a "space of new economic opportunities" within the Turkic states, increasing trade and discussing common problems at an annual International Turkic Economic Forum.

He also urged to strengthen transport ties by building the infrastructure and developing capabilities of the Trans-Caspian corridor -- the route running via the Caspian Sea.

"We call on the member countries of the organization to join the system of electronic exchange of permits in the field of transport, recently introduced between Türkiye and Uzbekistan," he said.

Mirziyoyev also suggested ensuring food security, saying that adopting a multilateral agreement on the establishment of an effective food supply system within the OTS, holding an annual agricultural Turkic forum, and cooperation in agriculture and food production would contribute to achieving this goal.

The president voiced concern over the deteriorating security situation in the world, pointing out that Uzbekistan neighbors one of the most conflict-torn countries in the world -- Afghanistan.

"Of course, we are all seriously concerned about the situation in neighboring Afghanistan today. ... We advocate for a regular dialogue between the foreign ministers of the organization's member countries in order to develop common approaches to the Afghan issue," he stressed.

Mirziyoyev expressed gratitude for the designation of Samarkand "the capital of the Turkic civilization" and Bukhara the 2022 youth capital of the OTS.

"We are rightfully proud of our common great ancestors, who wrote bright pages in the ancient history of the Turkic world," he said.

The Uzbek president offered to hold an International Congress of Science and Innovation of the youth of the Turkic world in Uzbekistan next year and to establish a position of the OTS deputy secretary general for youth affairs.

He also suggested reforming the OTS Secretariat-General to make it an effective mechanism for implementing all OTS tasks and increasing its international role.

Mirziyoyev put forward two more initiatives in culture -- holding a Festival of Culture of the Turkic Peoples next year as part of the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the organization and publishing a 100-volume collection, Pearls of Turkic Literature, in the languages of all participating countries and observers.

He also said the Turkic states have entered into a completely new stage of development under the motto "A new era of Turkic civilization: On the way to common progress and prosperity," noting that preserving, studying, and passing Turkic heritage to future generations is among of the most important tasks of the OTS.

Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev also suggested granting Erdo?an the Highest Order of the Turkic World.

Speaking at the summit, Tokayev praised Türkiye's chairmanship in the grouping last year, stressing that Erdogan personally made a significant contribution to increase the organization's authority and strengthen its influence.

"I am sure that fraternal Türkiye, which will celebrate the centenary of the proclamation of the Republic next year, will continue to contribute to strengthening our cooperation. In this regard, I would like to propose to present Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdogan with the Highest Order of the Turkic World," Tokayev said.

According to him, the proposal found "unanimous support" among other leaders.

Tokayev said current geopolitical and economic contradictions have a negative impact on the economies, and transport and logistic systems of Eurasia, and urged solidarity to counter challenges and threats.

The Kazakh president also pledged commitment to the principle of territorial integrity of all states and respect to the U.N. Charter.

"This is a necessary principle that fully corresponds to the basic interests of our country. Therefore, we will give priority to this principle," he said.

Tokayev stressed the necessity to promote the OTS in the media to draw the attention of the world community to the Turkic civilization and supported the idea of Mirziyoyev about strengthening transport ties, pointing out that the Turkic states connect West and East, North and South.

"In the current transition period, it is very important to increase the potential of transport and transit communications and maximize the use of their capabilities," he said.

According to Tokayev, Kazakhstan spent $35 billion over the last 15 years on developing logistics and plans to attract $20 billion of investment by 2025 for further elaboration of transport arteries.


He called the Transcaspian route, running through the territories of three fraternal states-Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Türkiye-"a striking example" of successful cooperation in transport.

Another important area is cooperation in the IT sector, Tokayev said and offered to establish for this purpose the center of digitalization of the OTS and a venture fund of the Turkic states to attract investments in important IT startups.

He also said climate, science and education are "important issues" of the organization's agenda, moving forward an idea of forming "a unified chain of higher educational institutions."

"I propose to consider the establishment in 2023 of a unified network of universities of Turkic countries, which will allow our students to study Turkic languages and get acquainted with the history and culture of fraternal peoples," he said.


THE TURKIC WORLD IS ON THE EDGE OF A HISTORIC REVIVAL
https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/the-turkic-world-is-on-the-edge-of-a-historic-revival-30327


Since the breakdown of the Soviet Union, social, economic and political union of the Turkic Speaking states became one of the main issues in the agenda for the regional geopolitics.
[b]The Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States is ready to welcome Uzbekistan as a new member while Turkmenistan expects to become an observer state.  Turkey's  position on
[/b]

Central Asian countries during the Soviet years was clear. As a NATO member, Turkey was trying to cautiously flirt with Moscow while keeping in mind the potentially close cultural ties after the possible breakdown of the USSR.


Thus, dreams about the unity of the Turkic World remerged once again after the dissolution of the socialist empire and the famous motto “Unity in language, thought and action” by the Crimean intellectual Ismail Gaspirali became the ideological driving force for future actions.

In 1991, Turkey was the first country to recognise the independence of the Turkic states and promised political and economic guidance to Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.



As a result, the very first Summit of the Heads of Turkic Speaking States in 1992, held in Ankara, was quite promising. Progressive ideas like the free movement of goods and services, foundation of common investment and development bank, integration of communication systems and the most importantly, using Turkey as main transit hub in the delivery of the hydrocarbon exports of newly independent states were set as a target.



However, these goals were not met due to several disruptions and noticeably because of the ongoing invasion in Nagorno-Karabakh by Armenian forces, isolationist foreign policy of Turkmenistan and low-level relationship between Ankara and Tashkent during the reign of the late Uzbek President Islam Karimov.



However, cultural cooperation did not slow down. The foundation of the International Organization of Turkic Culture (TURKSOY) in 1993 was a big step towards future political cooperation attempts even though its mission is limited to the non-political bonding of Turkic speaking communities from all over the world. Nevertheless, a political and diplomatic entity was necessary to establish the economic and geopolitical goals stated in the final declaration of the Ankara Summit.



The process accelerated when the Nakhchivan Agreement of 2009 initiated the Turkic Council. Since its emergence, the Council had high aspirations and tried to cover a wide range of issues from infrastructure and logistical projects between member states to cooperation in business, education and sports.



For example, along with its educational arm, the Turkic Academy, the council is preparing a common Turkic history textbook for the member states. It is a primary aim of the council’s to fulfill the huge gap between Turkic states that was created during the previous centuries of colonialism and oppressive communist regimes. Now, the organisation is on the edge of historical revival, which can bring forth new understanding to the relations between East and West.



Hungary, an EU member country, has shown a strong interest in the mission of the Council. Hungary's application to become an observer state, Prime Minister Orban’s attendance of the Sixth Summit of the Turkic Council and his declaration of respect to the Turkic roots of Hungary peaked with the opening of the Council’s Budapest office last Thursday. Having an EU member state on the board not just contributes to the elevated image of the council, but can give confidence to other nations, which share a common heritage with Turkic states to join the organisation.



Following the interest by Hungary, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan started to break the ice on their foreign policy towards Turkic countries. Turkmenistan already gave the green light for cooperation between Turkic states when the city of Mary was declared as the 'cultural capital' of the Turkic World by TURKSOY for 2015.



Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu’s declaration on the full membership application by Uzbekistan and observer state application by Turkmenistan to the Council shows that on the 10th anniversary of Nakhichvan Agreement, the council is following the path it set out for itself. Obviously, the need of a new understanding and alternatives for East-West relations are the main driving force behind the interest to the council. Initiatives like the New Silk Road, Belt and Road Initiative or a potential future economic union of Turkic Speaking States can be a game change.



As the dissolution of the Soviet Union brought winds of change to the region, now it is time for the Turkic Council to build a new reality in regional geopolitics and accomplish the dreams of the unified Turkic cooperation in the name of the common good, peace and prosperity in the world.


HOW THE TURKIC WORLD CAN BECOME A GLOBAL ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE
https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/how-th...urce-63684

A recent trilateral meeting between Türkiye, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan has shown that Ankara can play a critical role in connecting gas-rich Turkic Central Asia with the West.

Under the shadow of the raging Ukraine conflict that has disrupted energy markets worldwide, the gas-rich Turkic Central Asia has emerged as a critical region for the energy-hungry world. 

However, the predominantly Turkic-populated Central Asia – from Kazakhstan to Azerbaijan – played a crucial role in global geopolitics long before Russia attacked Ukraine on February 24. These Turkic nations – extending from China to the borders of Türkiye – were at the centre of what is known as the ‘Great Game’ of the 19th century, a fierce competition for dominance between the former Russian and British empires.



With both empires gone and their successor states not that powerful to dictate terms, the Central Asian republics are now turning to Türkiye as they seek to build a new mutually beneficial alliance – the empowered Organization of Turkic States (OTS). Increasing ties between Central Asia and Türkiye, which has recently moved towards becoming a potential gas hub for Europe following the Ukraine conflict, might have crucial effects on the West’s energy supply, according to experts.



“Gas flow to Europe from Russia has decreased to very low levels. Europe needs to diversify its resources and buy gas from different sources,” says Emre Erturk, a prominent energy expert and Founder and Managing Director at CEEN Energy Information Services and Consultancy. “One of the most probable sources of gas that can reach Europe in the shortest time can come from countries located east of Türkiye,” Erturk tells TRT World, referring to states like Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.



Transporting Central Asia’s gas to Europe through Türkiye is a long pending project, dating back to the 1990s. But the recent trilateral meeting between Turkmen, Turkish and Azerbaijani leaders in Turkmenistan’s Awaza city has shown this project is not a dream anymore. 

“We now need to start working on transporting Turkmen natural gas to Western markets. We are ready to cooperate with our Turkmen and Azerbaijani brothers in the 'Dostluq' (Friendship) Field in the Caspian Sea,” Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said after the summit last week. 



Turkish President Erdogan met Azerbaijani counterpart Ilham Aliyev and Turkmen leader

 Serdar Berdimuhamedov last week in the western Turkmen city of Awaza to discuss energy cooperation between Central Asia and Ankara. (AA) Due to a maritime rights dispute, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan could not reach an agreement earlier to build a pipeline to carry Turkmen gas to Azerbaijan through the Caspian and then to Türkiye and Europe.



But last year, the two Turkic states reached a landmark deal that allows them to produce gas in wells across the disputed gas area, which they now call the Dostluq Field. Turkmenistan has the world’s second biggest gas field in Galkynysh located in its southeastern Mary province. 

Will Turkmen gas reach Europe?



The realisation of this joint production between Baku and Ashgabat has increased hopes that Turkmen gas could be carried to Azerbaijan via a pipeline with a Caspian crossing, according

to Erturk. Then, he adds, it can flow through TANAP (Türkiye-Azerbaijan Natural Gas Pipeline)

to Türkiye and Europe. TANAP is connected with the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), which carries gas to Europe from Türkiye.



“As a result, the recent energy negotiations between Türkiye, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are of great importance for both Ankara’s and Europe’s energy supply security,” Erturk says. 

Matthew Bryza, a former US ambassador to Azerbaijan who had been a leading voice in the formation of Washington’s Central Asia policy in the past, also thinks the recent meeting can have acute effects. “They agreed on something that includes moving Turkmenistan’s natural gas across the Caspian Sea to Azerbaijan,” Bryza tells TRT World. And from Azerbaijan through Türkiye, Turkmen gas could reach Europe, he says.



“That’s something which has never been agreed before,” says Bryza, indicating the changing mood across the Turkic world. Due partly to Russian pressure, he adds that Turkmenistan hesitated to join Türkiye and Azerbaijan on the plan to export its gas to Europe. 

Before the recent trilateral meeting, last month, Türkiye, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan also came together along with Georgia, a Caucasian state and one of the co-host states of the Baku-Ceyhan-Tbilisi pipeline (BTC). In the meeting, the three Turkic states discussed critical issues, like how to carry the Turkic world’s gas to the West.



Due to the Ukraine conflict and increasing cooperation among Turkic states, Kazakhstan has reportedly shown growing interest in carrying its oil through non-Russian routes, like the BTC, to Europe. Like Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan also aims to strengthen the Caspian crossing for both transportation and gas exportation purposes. “Our President [Kassym-Jomart Tokayev] has always emphasised that the Caspian crossing using the Middle Corridor [which extends from China to Türkiye] is one of our national priorities,” Abzal Saparbekuly, the former Kazakh ambassador to Türkiye, tells TRT World.


“We are very much interested in opening European Union markets without Russia through Azerbaijan, through Türkiye, our key partner in this region,” says Zhanibek Baidulla, Managing Partner of Center for Strategic Initiatives, a consulting company working with different energy firms, including state-funded enterprises in Kazakhstan.


Türkiye's pipeline network provides a good infrastructure for Ankara if it wants to move toward becoming a gas hub, experts say. (Fatih Uzun / TRTWorld)   Türkiye is now becoming "a very big energy hub in the region. And, of course, Kazakhstan is very much interested in becoming part of that major project,” Baidulla tells TRT World. On Friday, in Silivri, a European district of Istanbul, Erdogan inaugurated the continent’s largest natural gas storage, demonstrating another clear step toward Türkiye’s aim to be a gas hub for the West. 


Strengthening bond 

The past several weeks have witnessed not only the two energy-focussed trilateral meetings in Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan but also the summit of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) in Uzbekistan’s Samarkand, demonstrating a trend of strengthening ties among Turkic-speaking member countries, which include Türkiye, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan. 

Last year, the Turkic Council, founded in 2009, changed its name to the Organization of Turkic States, signalling that political connectedness between Central Asia and Türkiye is taking root and moving forward to rediscover its historical path across Eurasia.


Turkmenistan has been an observer state in the OTS, like Hungary, a central European country, which has recently shown a strong willingness to discover its Turkic roots. The Central Asian state also signalled that it would join the political bloc soon, leading to the group’s increasing appeal in Central Asia.


“The Organization of Turkic States is kind of like the United Nations for the Turkic world,” says Uli Schamiloglu, professor and chair of the Department of Kazakh Language and Turkic Studies at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan.  In 2006, former Kazakh President Nur Sultan Nazarbayev was the first politician to propose forming the Turkic Council. Kazakhstan, like Türkiye, has long been a fierce defender of the Turkic alliance.



Experts like Schamiloglu point out that Turkic cooperation is more about peaceful integration projects than posing any threat to Russia. All of the Central Asian Turkic states were former Soviet republics, being under Moscow’s rule.  “People like to say that this is not designed against anybody. On the contrary, this is about promoting friendship, integration, cultural exchange and economic cooperation in the Turkic world,” Schamiloglu tells TRT World.



Omer Kocaman, the deputy secretary general of the OTS, also thinks similarly. “We are a very young organisation, and we are also a good-natured organisation,” Kocaman tells TRT World.  “We share what we do on our website and social media. We have no secret agenda,” Kocaman says. The OTS activities will contribute to regional peace and economic development as well as have a positive effect on stabilising Afghanistan, says the top OTS official.

“As a result, no one has to fear from our organisation’s activities,” he says. “We are not against anyone, but we also fear from no one,” he adds.
Reply
IN ANY REVIVAL OF GLOBAL ISLAMIC SOVEREIGNTY IN THE MODERN PERIOD IT IS CLEAR AND HAS BEEN SHOWN TO THE WORLD THAT THE  AFGHANS AND AFGHANISTAN MEAN BUSINESS. THEY HAVE BROUGHT DOWN BARBARIC INVASIONS BY 3 WESTERN IMPERIAL POWERS STARTING WITH THE BRITISH RAJ, THE SOVIET UNION AND THE AMERICANS/NATO. WE SHOULD NOT BE SURPRISED IF WE WITNESS AFGHAN MUJAHIDEEN AT THE SPEARHEAD TO LIBERATE OTHER PARTS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD. THIS NEEDS TO BE REHEARSED AND THE MUSLIM WORLD NEEDS TO LEARN FROM THIS AMAZING EXPERIENCE OF THE JIHADI MUJAHIDEEN.

WE ALSO SALUTE AND COMMEMORATE  THE IMMORTAL SHAHEED(MARTYRS) WHO SACRIFICED ALL IN DEFENCE OF THE ISLAMIC FAITH AND THEIR HOMELAND.  ALLAHU AKBAR.  


HOW TALIBANS's WAR STRATEGY DEFEATED THE US ARMY IN AFGHANISTAN





BILLION DOLLAR BASE : ARMY BASE IN AFGHANISTAN 





HOW THE AFGHANS DEFEATED THE SOVIET UNION




HOW AFGHANISTAN BECAME WAR TORN 1933-1989 



AFGHAN INDEPENDENCE

ANGLO-AFGHAN WARS : Part 3 (1919)



AFGHANISTAN : THE GREAT GAME 









WHEN THE AFGHANS DEFEATED THE BRITISH EMPIRE
Full Anglo-Afghan Wars Documentary




WHEN THE AFGHANS LOST TO BRITAIN




THE FIRST KING OF AFGHANISTAN 
Ahmad Shah Durrani Documentary



THE JIHADS ENGAGED BY MUSLIMS AGAINST RUSSIA WILL BE UNVEILED HEREAFTER

WHEN IMAM SHAMIL DEFEATED RUSSIA 




HOW DAGESTAN AND CHECHNYA RESISTED RUSSIA 



HOW ONE MAN FOUGHT RUSSIA AND BECAME A HERO TO MILLIONS



HOW IRAN LOST THE CAUCASUS
Reply


Forum Jump:


Users browsing this thread: 2 Guest(s)